___ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

___ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.

___ independence exists when it is possible to make changes in the file structure without affecting the application program's ability to access the data.




a. Structural
b. Logical
c. Physical
d. Fragmentation


Answer: a. Structural


Learn More :